UKRAINA AND WORLD SOLAR POWER ENGINEERING

The main facilities (more than 60 %), and by some ratings more than 80 %, in former USSR on production of silicon were and remain in Ukraine. In Ukraine 10 % (ten percents concentrated!) of world facilities are located, loading of most of which on today's inappreciable. It is such firms as:

Donetsk chemic-metallurgical factory;
the Zaporozhye titan-magnesium combine;
Svetlovodsk factory of pure metals, which recently worked on raw material from foreign country. Nevertheless, there are a lot of tons of silicon is monthly exported, that the practical absence of an economic benefit from export of raw material.

Value and Perspectives of implementation of the projects on organization of production of solar batteries in Ukraine and Poltava city

Now one deficit a deficit of energy is admitted in a world. Increasing of welfare of less developed countries, and, therefore, increasing of a power consumption up to a level of usage in the developed countries inevitably carries on to a rise prices on traditional minerals - naphtha, gas, coal and to very fast exhausting of available resources.

The production of solar batteries in a world reached the high level, but it is not so appreciable to constitute a substantial competition to known ways of generation of energy. The world public, understanding a reality of threat global warming, accepts the drastic steps for cutting a pollution of carbon dioxide. Each country during the subsequent number of years is obliged to lower pollutions. During two weeks at the end of 2000 more than 180 states, which have taken part in the Sixth conference of the states on protection of a climate in Hague, considered methods of overcoming warming on a World.

Many examples of successful usage of alternate ecologically pure energy sources for production of heat, electricity, execution of mechanical job are known. It is a wind power, solar thermal collectors, solar batteries.

Announced in June 1997, Million Solar Roofs (MSRI) is an initiative to install solar energy systems on one million U.S. buildings by 2010. The initiative includes two types of solar technology: solar electric systems (or photovoltaics) that produce electricity from sunlight and solar thermal systems that produce heat for domestic hot water, space heating, or heating swimming pools.

The U.S. Department of Energy, through its Regional Offices, focuses its efforts on national, state and local partnerships, made up of the building industry, other federal agencies, local and state governments, utilities, energy service providers, the solar energy industry, financial institutions, and non-governmental organizations to remove market barriers to solar energy use and develop and strengthen local demand for solar energy products and applications.

The Million Solar Roofs Initiative does not direct or control the activities of the state and community partnerships, nor does it provide funding to design, purchase or install solar energy systems. Instead, the Million Solar Roofs Initiative brings together the capabilities of the Federal government with key national businesses and organizations and focus them on building a strong market for solar energy applications on buildings.

The Million Solar Roofs Initiative is:

Reducing emissions associated with power generation. In 2010, with one million solar energy roofs in place, the Initiative could reduce carbon emissions in an amount equivalent to the annual emissions from 850,000 cars.

Creating high-tech jobs. By 2010, approximately 70,000 new jobs could be created as a result of the increased demand for photovoltaic, solar hot water, and related solar energy systems.

Keeping the U.S. solar energy industry competitive. By encouraging a broader domestic market for solar energy, the Initiative could help U.S. companies to regain their competitive edge in the worldwide market. By 2005, the photovoltaic market alone is expected to exceed $1.5 billion worldwide.

In a magazine "Germany" December №6/2000 on page 6 the federal minister J. Tretin speaks about the program " Photovoltaics on 100 thousand roofs ". The speech goes about the program, which cost can be estimated in 2 billion of US dollars. About two programs "1000 roofs " in western and east grounds were known before.

On paths of the extension of energy production by ecologically pure sources so-called "closing technologies" were stood always and there will be in the future . The powerful nuclear, carbon, gaseous, petroleum corporations do and will do everything to save the positions. And the speech goes about billions bucks.

On an example of New York city it is possible to show what substantial possibilities of a solar power engineering are. On territory of New York solar energy falls twice more, than it utilize every day.

In a world a number of the tendencies in development of power branch exist, among which two main - decreasing of negative environmental impact and the decentralizing of power supplying. The last one is very important to increase democracy of each society. The development of sources of electrical energy, which convert directly energy of solar radiation to an electrical current, responds the highest requirements. Main argument of the opponents is a relative dearness of this energy. We must remember that price on electric power permanently is increased and threat to an environment and people from such production is increased too.

The search in the Internet has shown presence of several Ukrainian sites, where the affected problems are listed:
http://www.climate.org.ua/

http://www.necin.com.ua/netradic_energy/sun/

The search of corporations in The Europen Business Directory, which are engaged in designing both development of equipment and technologies on usage and conversion of energy of the sun, has shown the following outcomes:

The table 1

Branches of technologies	Number of firms
Films, solar protection	10
Beauty care - equipment	227
Roofing, solar protection	9
Energy sources, alternative - equipment and systems	149
Solar panels	46
Other companies related to solar	6
Sun protection, interior and exterior	724
Office machines and equipment	643

Geographical selection

The table 2

State	Number of firms	State	Number of firms
Austria	74	Germany	560
Belgium	82	Norway	5
United Kingdom	180	Poland	16
Greece	13	Portugal	14
Denmark	41	Slovenia	1
Egypt	1	Turkey	1
Ireland	11	Hungary	1
Spane	64	Finland	15
Italy	272	France	217
Luxembourg	7	Switzerland	69
Netherlands	82	Sweden	21